计算机基础 on 测试开发刚哥

1、mindsdb

加星数：26.4k

技术栈：python，SDK (Golang, js, ruby, rust, C#, java, Cli)

GitHub地址：https://github.com/mindsdb/mindsdb

项目介绍：MindsDB是一个开源的机器学习平台，旨在简化AI模型的创建、训练和部署过程。它允许开发者使用熟悉的SQL查询语言来构建和操作机器学习模型，从而降低了AI开发的门槛。

2、Mattermost

加星数：30.3k

技术栈：TypeScript, Golang

GitHub地址：https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost

项目介绍：Mattermost是一个强大的开源协作平台，特别适合软件开发团队。它提供了丰富的功能和高度的可定制性，确保团队在整个软件开发生命周期中能够高效、安全地协作。通过自托管，用户可以完全控制他们的数据和平台的运行环境。

3、Kong

加星数：39k

技术栈：Lua, Perl, Raku, Starlark, Shell, Python

GitHub地址：https://github.com/Kong/kong

项目介绍：Kong API Gateway是一个功能强大且高度可扩展的API网关，适用于各种环境。它以高性能和丰富的功能集（如安全性、负载均衡和监控）而著称。通过插件系统，Kong可以轻松扩展其功能，满足不同用户的需求。此外，Kong还提供了高级的AI功能，支持多种大语言模型，帮助用户实现智能化的API管理和优化。

4、Taipy

加星数：12.5k

技术栈：python, typescript

GitHub地址：https://github.com/avaiga/taipy

项目介绍：Taipy是一个强大的工具，专为数据科学家和机器学习工程师设计，帮助他们构建数据和AI的Web应用程序。通过简化开发和部署流程，Taipy使用户能够专注于数据和AI算法的开发。其仅需Python语言的特点，使得用户无需学习新的编程语言，从而降低了使用门槛。Taipy还提供了强大的UI生成和场景/数据管理功能，进一步简化了项目的开发和管理。

5、appwrite

加星数：44.1k

技术栈：TypeScript, php

GitHub地址：https://github.com/appwrite/appwrite

项目介绍：Appwrite是一个强大的端到端后端服务器，专为Web、移动、原生或后端应用程序设计。通过抽象复杂性和提供一整套现成的API和工具，Appwrite使开发者能够更快地构建安全的应用程序。其Docker微服务架构还使得部署和扩展变得更加方便。

参考资料：

https://dev.to/rohan_sharma/top-open-source-reposprojects-to-contribute-hacktoberfest-edition--273o

字符集其实很简单

Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

字符集其实是个很简单的东西，但很多人当时看懂了，过了就忘了。

OkHttp学习笔记

Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

本书作者：测试开发刚哥，文章版权归个人所有，未经授权请勿转载。

OkHttp是什么

OkHttp是一个HTTP客户端，它不只是简单的发送请求和接收响应，还包含了失败重试、响应缓存等特性功能，并且能支持同步和异步请求。

OkHttp的语法相当简洁，比如Get：

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

String run(String url) throws IOException {
  Request request = new Request.Builder()
      .url(url)
      .build();

  try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
    return response.body().string();
  }
}

比如Post：

public static final MediaType JSON
    = MediaType.get("application/json; charset=utf-8");

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

String post(String url, String json) throws IOException {
  RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(json, JSON);
  Request request = new Request.Builder()
      .url(url)
      .post(body)
      .build();
  try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
    return response.body().string();
  }
}

常见用法

Get（同步）

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
        .build();

    try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
      if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

      Headers responseHeaders = response.headers();
      for (int i = 0; i < responseHeaders.size(); i++) {
        System.out.println(responseHeaders.name(i) + ": " + responseHeaders.value(i));
      }

      System.out.println(response.body().string());
    }
  }

Get（异步）

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
        .build();

    client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
      @Override public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }

      @Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
        try (ResponseBody responseBody = response.body()) {
          if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

          Headers responseHeaders = response.headers();
          for (int i = 0, size = responseHeaders.size(); i < size; i++) {
            System.out.println(responseHeaders.name(i) + ": " + responseHeaders.value(i));
          }

          System.out.println(responseBody.string());
        }
      }
    });
  }

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.github.com/repos/square/okhttp/issues")
        .header("User-Agent", "OkHttp Headers.java")
        .addHeader("Accept", "application/json; q=0.5")
        .addHeader("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json")
        .build();

    try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
      if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

      System.out.println("Server: " + response.header("Server"));
      System.out.println("Date: " + response.header("Date"));
      System.out.println("Vary: " + response.headers("Vary"));
    }
  }

Post JSON

public static final MediaType JSON
    = MediaType.get("application/json; charset=utf-8");

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

String post(String url, String json) throws IOException {
  RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(json, JSON);
  Request request = new Request.Builder()
      .url(url)
      .post(body)
      .build();
  try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
    return response.body().string();
  }
}

Post字符串

  public static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN
      = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    String postBody = ""
        + "Releases\n"
        + "--------\n"
        + "\n"
        + " * _1.0_ May 6, 2013\n"
        + " * _1.1_ June 15, 2013\n"
        + " * _1.2_ August 11, 2013\n";

    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
        .post(RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN, postBody))
        .build();

    try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
      if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

      System.out.println(response.body().string());
    }
  }

Post Streaming

  public static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN
      = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    RequestBody requestBody = new RequestBody() {
      @Override public MediaType contentType() {
        return MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN;
      }

      @Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
        sink.writeUtf8("Numbers\n");
        sink.writeUtf8("-------\n");
        for (int i = 2; i <= 997; i++) {
          sink.writeUtf8(String.format(" * %s = %s\n", i, factor(i)));
        }
      }

      private String factor(int n) {
        for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) {
          int x = n / i;
          if (x * i == n) return factor(x) + " × " + i;
        }
        return Integer.toString(n);
      }
    };

    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
        .post(requestBody)
        .build();

    try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
      if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

      System.out.println(response.body().string());
    }
  }

Post文件

  public static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN
      = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    File file = new File("README.md");

    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
        .post(RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN, file))
        .build();

    try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
      if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

      System.out.println(response.body().string());
    }
  }

Post parameters

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    RequestBody formBody = new FormBody.Builder()
        .add("search", "Jurassic Park")
        .build();
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php")
        .post(formBody)
        .build();

    try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
      if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

      System.out.println(response.body().string());
    }
  }

Post multipart

  /**
   * The imgur client ID for OkHttp recipes. If you're using imgur for anything other than running
   * these examples, please request your own client ID! https://api.imgur.com/oauth2
   */
  private static final String IMGUR_CLIENT_ID = "...";
  private static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_PNG = MediaType.parse("image/png");

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    // Use the imgur image upload API as documented at https://api.imgur.com/endpoints/image
    RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
        .setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
        .addFormDataPart("title", "Square Logo")
        .addFormDataPart("image", "logo-square.png",
            RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_PNG, new File("website/static/logo-square.png")))
        .build();

    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .header("Authorization", "Client-ID " + IMGUR_CLIENT_ID)
        .url("https://api.imgur.com/3/image")
        .post(requestBody)
        .build();

    try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
      if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

      System.out.println(response.body().string());
    }
  }

解析JSON响应为Java对象

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
  private final Moshi moshi = new Moshi.Builder().build();
  private final JsonAdapter<Gist> gistJsonAdapter = moshi.adapter(Gist.class);

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.github.com/gists/c2a7c39532239ff261be")
        .build();
    try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
      if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

      Gist gist = gistJsonAdapter.fromJson(response.body().source());

      for (Map.Entry<String, GistFile> entry : gist.files.entrySet()) {
        System.out.println(entry.getKey());
        System.out.println(entry.getValue().content);
      }
    }
  }

  static class Gist {
    Map<String, GistFile> files;
  }

  static class GistFile {
    String content;
  }

响应缓存

  private final OkHttpClient client;

  public CacheResponse(File cacheDirectory) throws Exception {
    int cacheSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024; // 10 MiB
    Cache cache = new Cache(cacheDirectory, cacheSize);

    client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .cache(cache)
        .build();
  }

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
        .build();

    String response1Body;
    try (Response response1 = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
      if (!response1.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response1);

      response1Body = response1.body().string();
      System.out.println("Response 1 response:          " + response1);
      System.out.println("Response 1 cache response:    " + response1.cacheResponse());
      System.out.println("Response 1 network response:  " + response1.networkResponse());
    }

    String response2Body;
    try (Response response2 = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
      if (!response2.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response2);

      response2Body = response2.body().string();
      System.out.println("Response 2 response:          " + response2);
      System.out.println("Response 2 cache response:    " + response2.cacheResponse());
      System.out.println("Response 2 network response:  " + response2.networkResponse());
    }

    System.out.println("Response 2 equals Response 1? " + response1Body.equals(response2Body));
  }

取消调用

  private final ScheduledExecutorService executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://httpbin.org/delay/2") // This URL is served with a 2 second delay.
        .build();

    final long startNanos = System.nanoTime();
    final Call call = client.newCall(request);

    // Schedule a job to cancel the call in 1 second.
    executor.schedule(new Runnable() {
      @Override public void run() {
        System.out.printf("%.2f Canceling call.%n", (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
        call.cancel();
        System.out.printf("%.2f Canceled call.%n", (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
      }
    }, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    System.out.printf("%.2f Executing call.%n", (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
    try (Response response = call.execute()) {
      System.out.printf("%.2f Call was expected to fail, but completed: %s%n",
          (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f, response);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.printf("%.2f Call failed as expected: %s%n",
          (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f, e);
    }
  }

超时

  private final OkHttpClient client;

  public ConfigureTimeouts() throws Exception {
    client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .writeTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .readTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .build();
  }

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://httpbin.org/delay/2") // This URL is served with a 2 second delay.
        .build();

    try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
      System.out.println("Response completed: " + response);
    }
  }

Per-call Configuration

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://httpbin.org/delay/1") // This URL is served with a 1 second delay.
        .build();

    // Copy to customize OkHttp for this request.
    OkHttpClient client1 = client.newBuilder()
        .readTimeout(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
        .build();
    try (Response response = client1.newCall(request).execute()) {
      System.out.println("Response 1 succeeded: " + response);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println("Response 1 failed: " + e);
    }

    // Copy to customize OkHttp for this request.
    OkHttpClient client2 = client.newBuilder()
        .readTimeout(3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
        .build();
    try (Response response = client2.newCall(request).execute()) {
      System.out.println("Response 2 succeeded: " + response);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println("Response 2 failed: " + e);
    }
  }

处理认证鉴权

  private final OkHttpClient client;

  public Authenticate() {
    client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .authenticator(new Authenticator() {
          @Override public Request authenticate(Route route, Response response) throws IOException {
            if (response.request().header("Authorization") != null) {
              return null; // Give up, we've already attempted to authenticate.
            }

            System.out.println("Authenticating for response: " + response);
            System.out.println("Challenges: " + response.challenges());
            String credential = Credentials.basic("jesse", "password1");
            return response.request().newBuilder()
                .header("Authorization", credential)
                .build();
          }
        })
        .build();
  }

  public void run() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://publicobject.com/secrets/hellosecret.txt")
        .build();

    try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
      if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

      System.out.println(response.body().string());
    }
  }

跳过重试：

80道高频算法题Python版

Sat, 03 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

80道高频算法题来源于牛客网，这些答案都经过了我验证，可以复制粘贴后提交通过：

Git比较分支差异的3个命令

Sat, 03 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

查看本地分支

80道高频算法题Java版

Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

80道常考算法题，逢考必过，剑指offer。

为什么Kafka这么快

Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Apache Kafka是一个开源的分布式事件流处理平台，主要用于高性能数据管道、流式分析、数据集成和关键任务应用。

一文搞懂Cookie,Session,Token,JWT

Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

HTTP协议是无状态的，无状态意味着，服务器无法给不同的客户端响应不同的信息。这样一些交互业务就无法支撑了。Cookie应运而生。

5分钟轻松学正则表达式

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

本书作者：测试开发刚哥，文章版权归个人所有，未经授权请勿转载。

正则表达式是什么？

正则表达式，是一个表达式，用少量的简单字符，来表示复杂的长字符串。

实际工作用到很多，比如日志搜索、查找替换、JMeter 响应数据提取等。

先看一个例子，用户名包含字符、数字、下划线和连字符，并限制字符的个数：

这个表达式可以接受 john_doe、jo-hn_doe、john12_as，但是无法匹配到 Jo，因为它包含了大写的字母而且太短了。

字符匹配

正则表达式之所以强大，是因为通过一些特殊字符，能让它匹配到更多字符串。

表达式`.`

匹配任意单个字符除了换行符。

例：.ar => The car parked in the garage.

表达式`[]`

字符集。匹配方括号内的任意字符。并且字符是无先后顺序的。

例：[Tt]he => The car parked in the garage.

方括号的句号就表示句号。

例：ar[.] => A garage is a good place to park a car.

表达式`[^]`

否定的字符集。匹配除了方括号里的任意字符。

例：[^c]ar => The car parked in the garage.

表达式`*`

匹配 >= 0 个重复的在 * 号之前的字符。

例：a* => babaa123.

例：[a-z]* => The car parked in the garage #21.

RabbitMQ消息队列官方教程Java学习笔记

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

本书作者：测试开发刚哥，文章版权归个人所有，未经授权请勿转载。

消息队列

RabbitMQ是一个消息队列，它能够接收和转发消息。这个过程就像寄快递一样，把物件打包给快递小哥，快递小哥会负责把物件派送到正确的地址。

生产者和消费者

生产者就是用来生产消息（发送消息）的：

消费者就是用来消费消息（接收消息）的：

在生产者和消费者之间的就是消息队列：

它相当于消息缓冲区，最多能存储多少数据只受限于机器的内存和磁盘。多个生产者可以发送消息给同一个队列，多个消费者也可以从同一个队列接收消息。

Windows安装RabbitMQ

参考mall商城学习教程的RabbitMQ部分内容：

http://www.macrozheng.com/#/architect/mall_arch_09?id=rabbitmq

原文中rabbitmq-server-3.7.14.exe下载地址失效了，改从这里下载：

https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/tag/v3.7.14

安装完成后，确认服务已开启：

进入RabbitMQ安装目录下的sbin目录：

在地址栏输入cmd并回车启动命令行，然后输入以下命令启动管理功能：

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

RabbitMQ运行在本地机器上：

http://localhost:15672/

默认用户名密码为guest / guest：

Java客户端

amqp-client-5.7.1.jar是RabbitMQ官方提供的Java客户端：

https://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-one-java.html

既可以直接下载jar包，也可以在Maven中添加依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
    <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
    <version>5.14.2</version>
</dependency>

生产消息

导包：

import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

创建类Send，定义队列名为hello：

public class Send {
  private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
  public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
      ...
  }
}

建立连接：

代码变形记之模板方法模式

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

《代码变形记》系列文章基于真实案例，记录实际工作中的代码优化方法。

计算机历史人物之冯·诺依曼

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

0-5岁就有过目不忘的记忆力，6个月能认出客人，2岁能用德语和母亲交流。6岁已经能读古希腊文献，经常随口报两个8位数，心算除法，结果精确到小数点后几位。8岁就自学完成微积分，阅读44卷本的《世界通史》。10岁进入著名的路德中学，这所学校后来培养出多位诺贝尔奖得主。12岁开始研究集合论和超限数，讨论无穷理论。15岁掌握泛函分析、复变函数、测度论。17岁发表第一篇数学论文《论某类最小多项式的零点位置》

刷了80道算法题以后

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

刷了80道算法题以后，我最大的感受是，自信心倍增。既克服了对算法的恐惧，也加强了Java代码能力，还收集了2068行答案代码。

计算机基础 on 测试开发刚哥

推荐5个开源项目，152k加星

1、mindsdb

2、Mattermost

3、Kong

4、Taipy

5、appwrite

字符集其实很简单

OkHttp学习笔记

OkHttp是什么

常见用法

Get（同步）

Get（异步）

访问Header

Post JSON

Post字符串

Post Streaming

Post文件

Post parameters

Post multipart

解析JSON响应为Java对象

响应缓存

取消调用

超时

Per-call Configuration

处理认证鉴权

80道高频算法题Python版

Git比较分支差异的3个命令

80道高频算法题Java版

为什么Kafka这么快

一文搞懂Cookie,Session,Token,JWT

5分钟轻松学正则表达式

正则表达式是什么？

字符匹配

表达式.

表达式[]

表达式[^]

表达式*

RabbitMQ消息队列官方教程Java学习笔记

消息队列

生产者和消费者

Windows安装RabbitMQ

Java客户端

生产消息

代码变形记之模板方法模式

计算机历史人物之冯·诺依曼

刷了80道算法题以后

表达式`.`

表达式`[]`

表达式`[^]`

表达式`*`