接口自动化项目落地之HTTPBin网站

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接口自动化项目落地系列

找个开源网站或开源项目,用tep实现整套pytest接口自动化项目落地,归档到电子书,作为tep完整教程项目篇一部分。自从tep完整教程发布以后,tep被越来越多小伙伴了解。教程只是纯理论,是骡子是马,拉出来遛遛才知道。做接口自动化项目落地,一方面是为了让自己脑海中的构想实实在在的呈现出来,现实和理想存在多少差距,不断尝试去弥补和修缮;另一方面也是方便读者朋友们学习使用,借助实际项目来练习,才能在赛道中弯道超车。

HTTPBin网站

httpbin.org是一个简单的在线提供HTTP服务的网站:

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它能够用来对HTTP进行在线测试。

测试报告

HTTPBin网站的接口自动化项目包含11个用例集

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67条测试用例

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自动化执行正确率98.5%,其中有1条错误结果,是我故意为之的,因为想展示下断言失败的效果。

环境配置

包含http和https两套环境,因为HTTPBin支持HTTP&HTTPS:

fixtures/fixture_env_vars.py

#!/usr/bin/python
## encoding=utf-8

from tep.fixture import *


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def env_vars(config):
    class Clazz(TepVars):
        env = config["env"]

        """变量定义开始"""
        # 环境变量
        mapping = {
            "http": {  # http环境
                "domain": "http://httpbin.org",
            },
            "https": {  # https环境
                "domain": "https://httpbin.org",
            }
            # 继续添加
        }
        # 定义类属性,敲代码时会自动补全
        domain = mapping[env]["domain"]
        """变量定义结束"""

    return Clazz()

配置默认为http环境:

conf.yaml

env: http

用例集

http-methods

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import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("get请求")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/get",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http://httpbin.org/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

auth

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import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("Authorization以Bearer开头,认证成功")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # http://httpbin.org/#/Auth/get_basic_auth__user___passwd_
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/bearer",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'Authorization': 'Bearer ZG9uZ2ZhbmdlcjoxMjM0NTY=',  # 替换token
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http://httpbin.org/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

status-codes

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import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("post返回状态码300")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "post",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/status/300",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '0', 'accept': 'text/plain',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Origin': 'http://httpbin.org', 'Referer': 'http://httpbin.org/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value'},
        json={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code == 300

request_inspection

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import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("捕获请求信息--headers")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/headers",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http://httpbin.org/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400
    assert response.json()["headers"]

response_inspection

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import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("捕获响应信息--缓存")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/cache",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
                 'accept': 'application/json', 'If-None-Match': '1', 'If-Modified-Since': '1',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http://httpbin.org/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code == 304

response_formats

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import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("txt文本text/plain")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/robots.txt",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'text/plain',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http://httpbin.org/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400
    assert response.headers["content-type"] == "text/plain"

dynamic_data

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import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("base64解码")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/base64/SFRUUEJJTiBpcyBhd2Vzb21l",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'text/html',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http://httpbin.org/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400
    assert "HTTPBIN is awesome" == response.text

cookies

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import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("cookies")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/cookies",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http://httpbin.org/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400
    assert response.json()["cookies"]

images

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import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("图片")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/image",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'image/webp',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http://httpbin.org/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

redirects

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import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("重定向")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/redirect/1",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'text/html',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http://httpbin.org/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code == 404

anything

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import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("返回所有数据")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "delete",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/anything",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Origin': '', 'Referer': '/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        json={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/anything",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': '/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "patch",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/anything",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Origin': '', 'Referer': '/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        json={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "post",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/anything",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '0',
                 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Origin': '', 'Referer': '/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        json={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "put",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/anything",
        headers={'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '0',
                 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Origin': '', 'Referer': '/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        json={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

只花了3小时完成

通过mitmproxy来录制流量自动生成用例,效率得到了极大的提高,从原来的1天缩短到3小时就完成了整个项目落地。相比于手工编写用例,这次写HTTPBin的接口自动化,我使用了utils/mitm.py来录制流量,mitmproxy稍微不方便的是需要手动开启代理,不过适应了以后还是能接受。录制流量后就会生成自动化用例,但是还需要二次修改,才会变成最终的用例。主要修改的工作量是在添加断言,根据业务设置合理的断言。其次是替换url为env_vars.domain + "/api"拼接方式,直接批量Replace即可。然后就是修改文件名和@allure.title了,给用例加上标题。工欲善其事,必先利其器。

tep共建

欢迎添加微信:cekaigang,分享交流tep实践案例,可以提供开源项目我来写,也可以写好后发我一起看看,优秀的项目会添加到tep完整教程的项目篇,以便更多测试同行们借鉴,大佬们赶快来加入我们吧。